Abdominal Wall and Groin Hernia
An abdominal wall hernia occurs when tissues or parts of the bowel protrude through a weakened area in the abdominal wall. This creates a bulge or swelling in the tummy or groin. While many hernias don't cause significant problems and can be managed, some may require surgery. More uncommonly hernias can be life-threatening if they become incarcerated or strangulated.
Symptoms and Signs:
Visible bulge or lump: You may see or feel a lump in the tummy or groin, which may be more noticeable when straining or coughing.
Pain or discomfort: Some hernias can cause pain, especially when straining.
Incarceration or strangulation: If a hernia becomes trapped or has its blood supply cut off, it can lead to severe pain, nausea, and vomiting.
Causes:
· Weakness in the abdominal wall:
This can be due to various factors, including age, previous surgery, heavy lifting, chronic coughing, or genetic factors.
· Increased abdominal pressure:
Activities like heavy lifting or straining can increase pressure and potentially worsen a hernia.
Types of Abdominal Wall Hernias:
Inguinal hernia: Occurs in the groin area.
Femoral hernia: Occurs in the upper thigh.
Umbilical hernia: Occurs around the belly button.
Incisional hernia: Occurs at the site of a previous abdominal surgery.
Epigastric hernia: Occurs in the upper abdomen.
Spigelian hernia: Occurs in the lower abdominal wall.
Diagnosis:
· Physical examination:
A doctor will examine the area and may ask you to cough or strain to make the bulge more noticeable.
· Imaging tests:
In some cases, imaging tests like ultrasound. MRI or CT scan may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the size and location of the hernia.
Treatment:
· Surgery:
Most hernias are repaired surgically. The type of surgery depends on the type and size of the hernia.
· Non-surgical management:
Some small, asymptomatic hernias may not require surgery and can be monitored.
· Urgent surgery:
Incarcerated or strangulated hernias require prompt surgical intervention.