Barrett's Oesophagus

Barrett's Oesophagus is a condition where the lining of the oesophagus, the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach, changes due to acid reflux. This change, called metaplasia, replaces the normal squamous cells with columnar cells similar to those in the stomach and intestines. While most people with Barrett's oesophagus don't develop cancer, it slightly increases the risk of oesophageal cancer.

· What it is:

Barrett's oesophagus is a complication of long-term gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), where stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the oesophagus.

· How it happens:

The constant exposure to stomach acid and bile irritates the oesophageal lining, causing the normal squamous cells to be replaced by columnar cells.

· Risk of cancer:

While most people with Barrett's oesophagus don't develop cancer, it does increase the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma, a type of cancer.

· Symptoms:

Many people with Barrett's oesophagus have no symptoms or experience symptoms similar to GORD, such as heartburn, acid reflux, or difficulty swallowing.

· Diagnosis:

An endoscopy, where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted down the throat, is used to visualize the oesophageal lining and identify Barrett's changes.

· Treatment:

Treatment focuses on managing GORD symptoms and monitoring for any changes in the oesophageal lining as well as using medications to reduce stomach acid. In cases where instability of the cells occurs (dysplasia) further treatment may be required.